![]() ![]() Just as software engineering (as a process) is defined by differing methodologies, so the programming languages (as models of computation) are defined by differing paradigms. Overview of the various programming paradigms according to Peter Van Roy : 5 More at Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages. ![]() The implementation of the language's execution model tracks which operations are free to execute and chooses the order independently. Instead, they supply a number of available operations in the system, along with the conditions under which each is allowed to execute. In contrast, languages that fit the declarative paradigm do not state the order in which to execute operations. Most object-oriented languages are also imperative languages. ![]() Meanwhile, in object-oriented programming, code is organized into objects that contain a state that is only modified by the code that is part of the object. The communication between the units of code is not explicit. However, this is compatible with the major paradigms and thus is not a real paradigm in its own right.įor example, languages that fall into the imperative paradigm have two main features: they state the order in which operations occur, with constructs that explicitly control that order, and they allow side effects, in which state can be modified at one point in time, within one unit of code, and then later read at a different point in time inside a different unit of code. Symbolic techniques such as reflection, which allow the program to refer to itself, might also be considered as a programming paradigm. reactive in which the desired result is declared with data streams and the propagation of change.mathematical in which the desired result is declared as the solution of an optimization problem.logic in which the desired result is declared as the answer to a question about a system of facts and rules,.functional in which the desired result is declared as the value of a series of function applications,.declarative in which the programmer merely declares properties of the desired result, but not how to compute it.object-oriented which groups instructions with the part of the state they operate on,.procedural which groups instructions into procedures,.imperative in which the programmer instructs the machine how to change its state,.Yet others are concerned mainly with the style of syntax and grammar.Ĭommon programming paradigms include: Other paradigms are concerned mainly with the way that code is organized, such as grouping a code into units along with the state that is modified by the code. Some paradigms are concerned mainly with implications for the execution model of the language, such as allowing side effects, or whether the sequence of operations is defined by the execution model. Languages can be classified into multiple paradigms. Programming paradigms are a way to classify programming languages based on their features. JSTOR ( February 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Programming paradigm" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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